SETTLEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES

 

SETTLEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES

     In an industry industrial disputes are bound to occur but if disputes do occur they must be quickly settled for this few methods have been adopted they are:

·             Collective Bargaining

·             Negotiation

·             Conciliation

·             Mediation

·             Arbitration

1.            COLLECTIVE BARGAINING:

Collective Bargaining is a technique by which dispute, are resolved amicably, by agreement, rather than by coercion. The dispute is settled peacefully and voluntarily, although reluctantly, between labour and management.

2.           NEGOTIATION:

In this kind of settlement of disputes parties who are in disputes are involved, the representatives of the labour and the employer may arrive at a mutual agreement.

3. CONCILIATION:

Conciliation is a process by which the representative of the workers and the employers are brought together before the third party, or a conciliation board with a view of persuading them to come to a common agreement.

 The conciliator after hearing the opinion of both the parties will suggest a remedial measure. The role of a conciliator is very passive. The measures suggested may or may not be accepted by both the parties.

Conciliation may be compulsory or voluntary.

4.        MEDIATION:

Mediation is also a method of solving problems with the help of an outsider or a third party who plays more positive role than a conciliator. Mediator is more actively involved while assisting the parties to find an amicable settlement. Sometimes he submits his own proposals for settlement of their disputes.

5.          ARBITRATION:

When two disputing parties mutually agreed to refer the dispute to a third party and to accept whatever judgment he says is called arbitration the person with whom the dispute is referred is called arbitrator.

The arbitrator could be a private person or a government authority and he is appointed with the consent of both the parties by mutual discussion after hearing the discussion of both the parties the arbitrator suggest a decision the suggestion is to be accepted by both parties.

Compulsory arbitration is called adjudication under adjudication the decision is imposed by the government.

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Post-Industrial Society

 

Post-Industrial Society

The term was coined by  Alain Touraine, is a French sociologist.

 He published the first major work on the post-industrial society in 1969. Daniel Bell popularized the term through his 1974 work The Coming of Post-Industrial Society.

Daniel Bell

 The term was also used extensively by social philosopher Ivan Illich in his 1973 paper Tools for Conviviality. The term has grown and changed as it became mainstream. Describing the transition from a society predominantly based on the production of physical goods to a service-based one. Economically, it is associated with the rise of the service sector, or the so-called tertiary sector, to the point, that it either produces more wealth than the manufacturing or so-called secondary sector

In sociology, the post-industrial society is the stage of society's development when the service sector generates more wealth than the manufacturing sector of the economy.

 

The increasing importance of knowledge in post-industrial societies results in a general increase in expertise through the economy and throughout society.

Over the course of the last 30 years of the 20th century, he writes in 1999 foreword to the new edition of his Post-Industrial Society, the following major changes have occurred

1. From manufacturing to services:

2. Occupational changes: The most striking change is the rise of professional and technical employment and the relative decline of skilled and semi-skilled workers.

3. Property and education: The traditional mode of gaining place and privilege in the society was through inheritance—of a family farm, a family business, or a family occupation. Today education has become the basis of social mobility.

4. Financial capital and human capital Nowadays more importance is given to human capital than economic capital.

5. Technology and intellectual technology are given more importance

6. Infrastructure: The infrastructure of industrial society was transportation. The  infrastructure of the post-industrial society is communication.

Characteristics of Post-Industrial Societies

• Production of goods declines and the production of services went up.
• Manual labor jobs and blue collar jobs are replaced with technical and professional jobs.
• New technologies were introduced  like       IT and cybersecurity.